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Valium: the key features of action and usage
Anxiolytics or tranquilizers are psychotropic medicines that selectively suppress feelings of fear, tension, and anxiety. They are utilized mainly to cure patients with neurotic and similar disorders. The history of their invention and utilization has been more than 50 years. Nowadays, more than 60 compounds belong to this group and Valium is one of the most famous and often prescribed medicines.
The indications and features of the intake
The key active ingredient of this medicine is diazepam. This molecule is a derivative of benzodiazepine with pronounced sedative, hypnotic, anti-anxiety, anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant, and amnestic properties. It also enhances the effect of other hypnotic, narcotic, neuroleptic, analgesic medicines, and alcohol. The active molecule interacts with specific receptors in the brain, which provides the overall inhibition effect. The remedy is proposed for adults in the following circumstances: • anxiety disorders; • severe insomnia; • muscle tension; • epilepsy (as a part of the therapy); • premedication for minor surgeries. During the therapy and for three days after its end, it is impossible to drive vehicles, maintain mechanical devices, and perform work that requires special attention and swift reaction. Alcohol and other depressants for brain activity should not be taken during treatment with this medicine. Such a combination enhances the clinical effects of benzodiazepines, including the severe sedative effect, and may lead to respiratory and cardiovascular problems. A withdrawal syndrome accompanies the abrupt finishing of the course. Its characteristic features include headaches, muscle pain, increased anxiety, excitement and emotional tension, confusion, and irritability. In severe cases, the perception of the surrounding world is hindered. Moreover, depersonalization, tactile, acoustic, and light hyperesthesia, tingling and numbness of the limbs, hallucinations, or epileptic seizures may appear. It’s worth noting that improper usage or self-medication can lead to the development of mental and physical addiction to this remedy. This remedy should not be used during pregnancy or breastfeeding.
Dosage
The amount and duration of treatment should be selected individually for each patient. The course should be started with the minimum effective dose corresponding to the specific indication. Valium comes in pills for oral intake. The average dose is 5 mg per day and the maximum daily dose equals 30 mg. The duration of the therapy should be as short as possible. For instance, In the treatment of insomnia, the duration of the course should not exceed 4 weeks, in anxiety states – 8–12 weeks, including the period of gradual dose reduction.
Contraindications and adverse reactions
This medicine is never utilized under the following conditions: • allergic reactions to the components of the medicine; • severe respiratory failure; • sleep apnea syndrome; • severe liver and kidney failure; • myasthenia; • phobic or obsessive conditions, chronic psychoses, alcohol and drug addiction (except acute withdrawal syndrome). Furthermore, certain adverse reactions are possible, namely: • Increased fatigue, drowsiness, and muscle weakness occur most often. In most cases, they disappear spontaneously after a few days of use. If they persist, a decrease in the dose may help. • The cardiovascular system may react to this medicine with bradycardia, chest pain, arterial hypotension, circulatory or heart failure; • Side reactions of the nervous system include headache and dizziness, disorientation, loss of consciousness, tremor, mood deterioration, anger, and speech disorder. As the therapeutic dose of the drug increases, the risk of amnesia also becomes higher. Amnestic effects may be accompanied by abnormal behavior. • Mental disorders, such as restlessness, excitement, irritability, aggressiveness, delirium, hostility, nightmares, hallucinations, psychoses, confusion, reduced attention, depression, changes in behavior, and other adverse behavioral effects may appear. In such a case, the use of the medicine must be stopped immediately. Long-term use of this remedy, even in therapeutic doses, can lead to the development of addiction. That is why it belongs to the prescription group and should be utilized under the guidance of the doctor.